CVE-2026-47274
MediumCVSS 6.3Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk3th percentile - higher than 3% of all known CVEs
Summary
In pam_usb prior to 0.9.0, multiple helper tools resolved external binaries through the PATH environment variable rather than using absolute paths. An attacker who can influence the process environment during PAM authentication or tool execution could substitute malicious binaries. The affected tools are pamusb-check (src/tmux.c), pamusb-conf (tools/pamusb-conf), and pamusb-keyring-unlock-gnome (tools/pamusb-keyring-unlock-gnome). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.0.
Risk Assessment
An attacker able to manipulate the PATH variable could cause malicious code execution in the context of authentication processes, potentially taking control of the system.
Recommendation
Update pam_usb to version 0.9.0 or later and restrict the ability to modify the PATH variable in authentication environments.
Other vulnerabilities in pam_usb
See all- CVE-2026-48983Medium
In versions prior to 0.9.2, pam_usb has a symlink race condition in per-device and per-user pad directory creation. A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability by replacing the target path with a symlink to a directory they control.
- CVE-2026-48982Medium
In versions prior to 0.9.2, pam_usb creates a temporary file without the O_EXCL flag when updating a one-time pad file. This can lead to a situation where two concurrent processes updating the same pad may both succeed, resulting in overwriting the pad value.
- CVE-2026-48981Medium
In versions prior to 0.9.2, pam_usb calls xmlReadFile() with flags=0 when loading the configuration file, allowing libxml2 to process external entity references (XXE). This can lead to outbound network connections or local file reads at XML parse time from the context of the authenticating process.
- CVE-2026-48980Medium
In versions prior to 0.9.2, the pam_usb module, responsible for hardware authentication on Linux, is vulnerable to environment variable injection. The XRDP_SESSION, DISPLAY, and TMUX variables can be manipulated by a local user, affecting the local and remote session checking logic.
- CVE-2026-48986Medium
In pam_usb versions 0.9.1 and earlier, a bug can lead to an infinite loop DoS due to improper initialization of the *ppid variable. In the pusb_local_login() function, the same variable is reused as input and output in a loop, which can cause the authenticating process to hang.
- CVE-2026-48985Medium
In versions 0.9.1 and below, the pam_usb module can cause a NULL dereference crash when parsing loginctl output. The pusb_is_loginctl_local() function calls popen() and reads the result, which can lead to undefined behavior and crashing the PAM module.
- CVE-2026-48984Medium
In versions 0.9.1 and below, the xfree() function in pam_usb releases memory without first zeroing the buffer contents, leading to the exposure of sensitive data in freed memory. This could allow recovery of pad values or other authentication material from freed memory regions.
- CVE-2026-47270Medium
In pam_usb prior to 0.9.0, three functions used by the deny_remote feature called the non-reentrant strtok(), which stores state in a single global pointer. If two authentications race, one thread's strtok() call can overwrite the other's in-progress tokenisation pointer, causing incorrect parsing of tmux session data or the /proc environ scan. Additionally, pusb_tmux_get_client_tty() passed the raw pointer returned by getenv(TMUX) directly to strtok(), permanently corrupting the TMUX variable in the process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.0.
- CVE-2026-47269High
In pam_usb before 0.9.0, the deny_remote feature checks utmpx ut_addr_v6 but only tests the first 32-bit word of the 128-bit address. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (::ffff:x.x.x.x) have a zero first word, so IPv4 SSH sessions are incorrectly treated as local. This allows bypassing the deny_remote restriction and authenticating over SSH with a registered USB device.
- CVE-2026-44713High
In versions prior to 0.8.7, pam_usb reads the user's $TMUX environment variable and interpolates its value without proper sanitization, allowing arbitrary shell syntax injection. This creates a risk of unauthorized command execution as root.
Original NVD description (English source)
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.9.0, multiple pam_usb helper tools resolved external binaries through the PATH environment variable rather than using absolute paths. An attacker who can influence the process environment during PAM authentication or tool execution could substitute malicious binaries. The affected tools are pamusb-check (src/tmux.c), pamusb-conf (tools/pamusb-conf), and pamusb-keyring-unlock-gnome (tools/pamusb-keyring-unlock-gnome). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.0.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

