CVE-2026-44456

Hono from 4.12.4 before 4.13.11 contains a middleware bypass vulnerability in serveStatic that allows unauthenticated attackers to skip prefix middleware by exploiting double path decoding. Attackers can send malformed percent-encoded paths that the router matches in encoded form, reaching static files without authentication checks running.

Hono is a web framework for JavaScript. Prior to 4.11.4, the JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware had a flaw that allowed the algorithm from the JWT header to influence signature verification when the selected JWK did not define an algorithm. This could enable JWT algorithm confusion and, in certain configurations, allow forged tokens to be accepted.

Hono is a web framework for JavaScript. Prior to version 4.11.4, the JWT middleware for JWK/JWKS verification had a flaw where the JWT header's alg value could influence signature verification when the selected JWK did not explicitly specify an algorithm. This could enable JWT algorithm confusion and, in certain configurations, allow forged tokens to be accepted.

Path traversal vulnerability in serve-static on Windows via encoded backslash (%5C) in the request path. On Windows hosts, an encoded backslash (%5C) decodes to \, which the Windows path treats as a directory separator.

Hono is a web application framework supporting any JavaScript runtime. From 4.12.4 until 4.13.11, serveStatic can interpret a malformed percent-encoded path differently from upstream routing middleware and bypass protection for a static prefix, leading to unauthorized disclosure of a static file.

hono before 4.13.7 fails to HTML-escape plain strings rendered by hono/jsx as a child or fallback of Suspense, as a string child of ErrorBoundary alongside an asynchronous sibling, as the single child of a Context.Provider, or as the root value passed to renderToString() or renderToReadableStream(). These paths stringify their input and treat the result as already-escaped markup, so an attacker who controls such a string during server-side rendering can inject arbitrary HTML and execute script under the application's origin.

Hono framework versions 4.12.12 through 4.13.5 contain an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-39408 — toSSG() can still write files outside the configured output directory when a route parameter contains consecutive parent-directory segments. This affects build-time static site generation only, when ssgParams values are not fully developer-controlled.

In Hono (Web framework for JavaScript) prior to version 4.13.5, when parseBody() expands dot-separated form field names into nested objects with dot-notation parsing enabled, it does not limit the nesting depth or the total number of intermediate objects created. Empty segments are preserved, so one deeply dotted field name can encode one nesting level per byte, while a large number of shallowly dotted fields can create the same amplification across a request. A request body within a normal size limit can therefore allocate an object graph far larger than the request after the body has already been accepted. An unauthenticated attacker who can reach an affected endpoint can send concurrent requests that exhaust the JavaScript heap, terminate the server process, and leave the service unavailable until restart. Dot-notation parsing is not enabled by default, and applications using the default behavior are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 4.13.5.

In Hono (Web framework for JavaScript) prior to version 4.13.5, Hono's query helpers treat a question mark after a literal hash fragment as the start of a query string, so the application can read request parameters that browsers, new URL(), reverse proxies, filtering rules, parameter allow and deny lists, access logging, request validation, and other middleware do not observe. The Cache Middleware removes the fragment when building its cache key, allowing a response influenced by parameters inside the fragment to be stored under a key that omits those parameters and later served to other users. This can bypass filtering and auditing, poison cached responses, and enable stored cross-site scripting when an affected parameter is reflected into cached HTML without escaping. Exploitation requires a runtime and intermediary path that passes a literal hash character through to the request URL; Cloudflare Workers and intermediaries that strip fragments are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 4.13.5.

Hono before version 4.12.34 has a ReDoS vulnerability in the built-in CORS middleware (hono/cors). During a preflight OPTIONS request, the middleware parses the Access-Control-Request-Headers header using a regular expression with quadratic complexity, which can cause long CPU consumption and block request processing. This affects the default configuration when allowHeaders is unset or empty.