CVE-2026-18415
MediumCVSS 6.3Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk1th percentile - higher than 1% of all known CVEs
Summary
The ieee802154_send() function in Zephyr's network stack copies an outgoing packet into a fixed 125-byte transmit buffer without validating its length. When 6LoWPAN fragmentation is enabled but not required, the missing size check allows an out-of-bounds write past the buffer. The flaw is reachable through NET_AF_PACKET sockets bound to an 802.15.4 interface, including from an unprivileged application thread in CONFIG_USERSPACE builds.
Risk Assessment
An application or unprivileged thread can trigger a supervisor-mode out-of-bounds write, corrupting memory adjacent to the buffer pool. In practice this leads to a crash or further compromise of kernel state.
Recommendation
Update Zephyr to a version containing the fix that validates ll_hdr_len + net_pkt_get_len(pkt) + authtag_len against IEEE802154_MTU before copying and returns -EMSGSIZE instead of overrunning the buffer. Until patched, restrict access to NET_AF_PACKET sockets on 802.15.4 interfaces or disable CONFIG_NET_L2_IEEE802154_FRAGMENT where feasible.
Other vulnerabilities in Zephyr
See all- CVE-2026-10772Unknown
This CVE has been rejected as a duplicate. The described vulnerability involved incorrect permission checking in the Bluetooth GATT notify/indicate paths in the Zephyr stack, but was already reported as CVE-2026-2411.
- CVE-2026-10676Unknown
CVE-2026-10676 has been withdrawn as analysis determined that the reported defect is not reachable in any released version of Zephyr. In every supported release, the affected value is corrected before use.
- CVE-2026-5067Critical
Zephyr OS has a memory corruption vulnerability in the HTTP server WebSocket upgrade path. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger it by sending a crafted Sec-WebSocket-Key header. The bounded copy does not guarantee NUL termination, leading to out-of-bounds read/write on stack.
- CVE-2026-19673High
A vulnerability in ethernet_recv() in subsys/net/l2/ethernet/ethernet.c in the Zephyr network stack. When the ethertype is 0x8100 and VLAN is enabled on the interface, the received frame buffer is reinterpreted as an 18-byte net_eth_vlan_hdr without re-checking the length, causing an out-of-bounds read and raising hdr_len to 18. A single unauthenticated frame of 14 to 17 bytes carrying the VLAN ethertype triggers the issue.
- CVE-2026-19935High
A vulnerability in the Zephyr Bluetooth LE stack allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a use-after-free in L2CAP CoC channel handling with dynamic PSMs. By sending a data frame followed by a disconnect request, the attacker can cause the system workqueue to process work referencing a freed channel, leading to memory corruption or workqueue corruption.
- CVE-2026-19740Medium
The LLCP implementation in Zephyr's Bluetooth LE Controller retains a receive node after accepting LL_PHY_UPDATE_IND, but invalid-PDU paths fail to release it before completing the procedure. An attacker can send a PDU sequence causing an assertion failure (device crash) or leaking nodes from the receive pool, leading to Bluetooth unavailability until reboot.
- CVE-2026-19669High
A vulnerability in Zephyr's syscall verifiers z_vrfy_fuel_gauge_get_props() and z_vrfy_fuel_gauge_set_props() allocates variable-length arrays on the kernel stack sized directly by an unvalidated caller-supplied len argument. Because no bounds check occurs before allocation and copying, a user-mode thread (with CONFIG_USERSPACE) can trigger an out-of-bounds write in supervisor mode with attacker-controlled length and, on the permitted path, attacker-controlled content.
- CVE-2026-19577High
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability was found in the IPv6 subsystem of the Zephyr stack in net_route_ipv6_packet(). The issue stems from missing validation of whether a neighbor cache entry has a link-layer address before using it. An attacker on the same link can force an unresolved neighbor state and trigger an out-of-bounds read past the address array, potentially causing a system panic or data leak.
- CVE-2026-19186High
In the IEEE 802.15.4 stack in Zephyr, the function ieee802154_decipher_data_frame() does not check if the frame is long enough before computing the payload length. Subtracting the header and authentication tag length from the frame length can underflow, leading to an out-of-bounds read and write. An attacker within radio range can send a short frame, causing memory corruption and system crash.
- CVE-2026-15890Medium
A vulnerability in the PSA Internal Trusted Storage module in Zephyr involves a lack of synchronization in nonce generation for AEAD encryption. The function secure_storage_its_transform_aead_get_nonce() uses unsynchronized function-local static variables, and concurrent writes to the same UID can lead to nonce reuse with the same key. This causes a catastrophic AEAD failure, enabling data leakage and forgery of stored entries.
Original NVD description (English source)
ieee802154_send() in subsys/net/l2/ieee802154/ieee802154.c copies the outgoing packet into a single fixed 125-byte transmit buffer (tx_frame_buf_pool, sized IEEE802154_MTU). In builds with CONFIG_NET_L2_IEEE802154_FRAGMENT enabled (the default whenever CONFIG_NET_6LO is set), the branch taken when 6LoWPAN fragmentation is not required performed an unchecked net_buf_add_mem(frame_buf, pkt_buf->data, pkt_buf->len). The only guard was __ASSERT_NO_MSG() inside net_buf_simple_add(), which is compiled out without CONFIG_ASSERT, so an oversized packet silently overran the frame buffer. The defect is not reachable from the radio: for NET_AF_INET6 packets ieee802154_6lo_encode_pkt() compares the whole packet length against IEEE802154_MTU and takes the fragmentation path when it does not fit, so every buffer copied on the unfragmented branch is within bounds. It is reachable through NET_AF_PACKET sockets bound to an 802.15.4 interface: for NET_SOCK_RAW the 6LoWPAN block is skipped entirely and for NET_SOCK_DGRAM it returns early on the address-family test, leaving no length validation anywhere on the transmit path (net_context_sendto() and net_if_tx() apply none, and pkt_buffer_length() does not clamp the allocation for this L2). An application — or, in a CONFIG_USERSPACE build, an unprivileged application thread using the zsock_socket()/zsock_sendto() syscalls — can therefore drive a supervisor-mode out-of-bounds write of chosen bytes past the 125-byte pool buffer. With the default CONFIG_NET_BUF_FIXED_DATA_SIZE of 128 bytes the overrun is bounded to roughly ll_hdr_len + 3 bytes; with CONFIG_NET_BUF_VARIABLE_DATA_SIZE a single storage buffer can be as large as CONFIG_NET_PKT_BUF_TX_DATA_POOL_SIZE, making the overrun far larger. The consequence is corruption of memory adjacent to the pool, with a crash or further compromise of kernel state as the practical impact. The fix validates ll_hdr_len + net_pkt_get_len(pkt) + authtag_len against IEEE802154_MTU before any copy and adds a tailroom-checking copy_pkt_to_frame() helper that returns -EMSGSIZE instead of overrunning the buffer. The same change also linearizes the whole net_buf chain into one MAC frame, so packet storage boundaries no longer become frame boundaries on the wire.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS