CVE-2026-11742
LowCVSS 3.6Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk2th percentile - higher than 2% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability in the Zephyr kernel's z_queue_node_peek() in kernel/queue.c reads a node from the data_q list without holding the queue spinlock. A concurrent k_queue_get() can free the node during the operation, leading to use-after-free and a dangling pointer. This affects k_fifo and k_lifo queues used in net_buf, Bluetooth, USB, and networking subsystems.
Risk Assessment
The risk includes heap memory disclosure (one pointer word) and potential system crash or memory corruption when the returned dangling pointer is used as a buffer. Exploitation requires winning a race with local access, so practical impact is bounded and low severity.
Recommendation
Apply the fix that wraps both peek implementations with k_spin_lock/k_spin_unlock on the queue lock to make the read-and-dereference atomic with respect to concurrent unlink-and-free. Update to a patched version.
Other vulnerabilities in Zephyr kernel
See all- CVE-2026-87038High
A time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability in the Zephyr kernel's z_vrfy_i3c_transfer() handler for the i3c_transfer() system call. The caller-supplied I3C device descriptor is validated in place and then re-read from user memory at use time, allowing another thread in the same memory domain to swap the bus field between the check and the use. As a result, the kernel may call an attacker-controlled function pointer from an api table in supervisor mode.
- CVE-2026-78118High
A race condition in the Zephyr kernel affects z_waitq_head(), which on SMP systems reads the head of a thread wait queue without holding the _sched_spinlock. The race between timer expiration handling and thread abort can cause out-of-bounds and use-after-free writes in supervisor context plus scheduler state corruption.
- CVE-2026-12631Medium
A vulnerability in the Zephyr kernel affects the k_thread_join() and k_thread_abort() system calls. An error in access validation (thread_obj_validate()) allows an unprivileged user thread to invoke these functions on a thread object it does not own. Instead of terminating the offending thread, execution reaches undefined behavior, potentially causing a kernel crash (on Clang) or an access-control bypass (on GCC).
Original NVD description (English source)
The kernel queue helper z_queue_node_peek() in kernel/queue.c dereferences a node taken from a queue's data_q list, reading the node's flag byte and, for items enqueued via k_queue_alloc_append/alloc_prepend, the data pointer of an internally allocated alloc_node struct. The implementations of z_impl_k_queue_peek_head() and z_impl_k_queue_peek_tail() performed this read-and-dereference without holding the queue's spinlock, while every other accessor of the same list — including k_queue_get(), which unlinks a node and k_free()s its backing alloc_node — operates under that lock. Because peek was unsynchronized, a concurrent k_queue_get() on the same queue (on an SMP build, or under preemption/ISR concurrency) can free the node between the moment peek obtains the node pointer and the moment it dereferences it. The peek then reads flag bits and a data pointer out of freed, potentially re-allocated heap memory and returns a stale or dangling pointer to its caller. k_fifo and k_lifo are thin wrappers over k_queue, so this affects buffer queues used throughout the net_buf, Bluetooth, USB, and networking subsystems; the peek operations are also system calls reachable from CONFIG_USERSPACE threads. The consequences are a use-after-free read that can leak stale heap contents (one pointer word) and, when the returned dangling pointer is subsequently consumed as a live buffer, a dereference that can crash the system or corrupt memory. Exploitation requires winning a small race window with local access (e.g. a userspace process racing k_queue_peek_* against k_queue_get on a shared queue, or two CPUs), so practical impact is bounded and of low severity. The fix wraps both peek implementations with k_spin_lock/k_spin_unlock on the queue lock, making the read-and-dereference atomic with respect to the concurrent unlink-and-free and bringing peek into line with the rest of the queue's locking discipline.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

