CVE-2026-110747
HighCVSS 7.5Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk33th percentile - higher than 33% of all known CVEs
Summary
Integer overflow vulnerability in ProtobufParser._readStringKey() in the Jackson protobuf parser. A malformed protobuf message with a map key length of 0x7FFFFFFF causes signed arithmetic overflow in the bounds check, leading to an attempt to allocate a huge buffer and an OutOfMemoryError. StreamReadConstraints (maxStringLength, maxNameLength, maxDocumentLength, maxNestingDepth) do not prevent the failure.
Risk Assessment
An application parsing untrusted protobuf data can be remotely forced into memory exhaustion (DoS), and with -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError the JVM will terminate. An 8-byte malformed message is sufficient, requiring no privileges or user interaction.
Recommendation
Update the Jackson library to a version containing the fix for the 2.x branch (the _readStringKey method first appears in 2.21.6) — versions 2.18, 2.19 and 2.20 are not affected by this vector. If updating is not possible, consider disabling -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError or restricting parsing of untrusted protobuf data.
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Original NVD description (English source)
ProtobufParser._readStringKey() reads the length prefix of a protobuf map entry's string key into an attacker-controlled int and then checks (_inputPtr + len) <= _inputEnd using signed arithmetic. For values near Integer.MAX_VALUE the addition overflows to a negative value and the check passes even when the input contains no key data. The parser then calls _finishShortText(len), which expands the text buffer to the declared length via TextBuffer.expandCurrentSegment and Arrays.copyOf, throwing OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit. An 8-byte malformed message containing a map entry with a declared key length of 0x7FFFFFFF is sufficient. Configured StreamReadConstraints, including maxStringLength, maxNameLength, maxDocumentLength and maxNestingDepth, do not prevent the failure. Applications running with -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError terminate the JVM. This is the same integer-overflow pattern addressed for other call sites in the remediation associated with CVE-2026-104016 and CVE-2026-104017; the map-key call site was corrected on the 3.x branches only, leaving the corresponding 2.x branches unguarded. Release lines 2.18, 2.19 and 2.20 do not contain _readStringKey() and are not affected by this vector. No privileges or user interaction beyond the ability to submit data for parsing are required. The 3.0 release line and 3.1.0-3.1.5 / 3.2.0-3.2.1 do not contain _readStringKey() and are therefore not affected; the method first appears in 3.1.6 and 3.2.2, mirroring its introduction at 2.21.6 on the 2.x side.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS