CVE-2025-71225
MediumCVSS 5.3Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk1th percentile - higher than 1% of all known CVEs
Summary
In the Linux kernel md subsystem, an issue occurs when updating raid_disks via sysfs in raid1_reshape(). freeze_array() may unblock before r1bios queued due to I/O errors are released, leading to mismatched sizes and potential out-of-bounds access in free_r1bio(). The fix suspends the array while updating raid_disks via sysfs.
Risk Assessment
This can cause kernel memory corruption and RAID1 array instability when changing disk count in the presence of I/O errors. In extreme cases it leads to system crash.
Recommendation
Update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix that suspends the RAID array while updating raid_disks via sysfs.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md: suspend array while updating raid_disks via sysfs In raid1_reshape(), freeze_array() is called before modifying the r1bio memory pool (conf->r1bio_pool) and conf->raid_disks, and unfreeze_array() is called after the update is completed. However, freeze_array() only waits until nr_sync_pending and (nr_pending - nr_queued) of all buckets reaches zero. When an I/O error occurs, nr_queued is increased and the corresponding r1bio is queued to either retry_list or bio_end_io_list. As a result, freeze_array() may unblock before these r1bios are released. This can lead to a situation where conf->raid_disks and the mempool have already been updated while queued r1bios, allocated with the old raid_disks value, are later released. Consequently, free_r1bio() may access memory out of bounds in put_all_bios() and release r1bios of the wrong size to the new mempool, potentially causing issues with the mempool as well. Since only normal I/O might increase nr_queued while an I/O error occurs, suspending the array avoids this issue. Note: Updating raid_disks via ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO already suspends the array. Therefore, we suspend the array when updating raid_disks via sysfs to avoid this issue too.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

