CVE-2025-48734
HighCVSS 8.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
High risk81th percentile - higher than 81% of all known CVEs
Summary
Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons BeanUtils. If an application passes property paths from an external source directly to PropertyUtilsBean.getProperty() or getNestedProperty(), an attacker can access the 'declaredClass' property of enum objects, gaining access to the ClassLoader and executing arbitrary code.
Risk Assessment
The vulnerability enables remote code execution (RCE) in the application context, potentially leading to full system compromise. Risk applies to applications processing untrusted input with vulnerable BeanUtils versions.
Recommendation
Upgrade Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x to version 1.11.0 or 2.x to version 2.0.0-M2. If upgrade is not possible, enable the BeanIntrospector that suppresses the 'declaredClass' property.
Other vulnerabilities in Apache Commons BeanUtils
See all- CVE-2019-10086High
In Apache Commons Beanutils 1.9.2, a special BeanIntrospector class was added which allows suppressing the ability for an attacker to access the classloader via the class property available on all Java objects. However, this was not used by default by PropertyUtilsBean.
- CVE-2014-0114High
Apache Commons BeanUtils version 1.8.0 and in other products requiring commons-beanutils up to version 1.9.2 does not suppress the class property, allowing remote attackers to manipulate the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code.
Original NVD description (English source)
Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache Commons. A special BeanIntrospector class was added in version 1.9.2. This can be used to stop attackers from using the declared class property of Java enum objects to get access to the classloader. However this protection was not enabled by default. PropertyUtilsBean (and consequently BeanUtilsBean) now disallows declared class level property access by default. Releases 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 address a potential security issue when accessing enum properties in an uncontrolled way. If an application using Commons BeanUtils passes property paths from an external source directly to the getProperty() method of PropertyUtilsBean, an attacker can access the enum’s class loader via the “declaredClass” property available on all Java “enum” objects. Accessing the enum’s “declaredClass” allows remote attackers to access the ClassLoader and execute arbitrary code. The same issue exists with PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(). Starting in versions 1.11.0 and 2.0.0-M2 a special BeanIntrospector suppresses the “declaredClass” property. Note that this new BeanIntrospector is enabled by default, but you can disable it to regain the old behavior; see section 2.5 of the user's guide and the unit tests. This issue affects Apache Commons BeanUtils 1.x before 1.11.0, and 2.x before 2.0.0-M2.Users of the artifact commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils 1.x are recommended to upgrade to version 1.11.0, which fixes the issue. Users of the artifact org.apache.commons:commons-beanutils2 2.x are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.0-M2, which fixes the issue.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

