CVE-1999-1582
HighExploitation Probability (EPSS)
High risk77th percentile - higher than 77% of all known CVEs
Summary
The 'established' command on the Cisco PIX firewall allows connections from one host to arbitrary ports of a target host if an alternative conduit has already been allowed. This can lead to administrators configuring less restrictive access controls than intended if they do not understand this functionality.
Risk Assessment
Organizations may be exposed to unauthorized access to services if administrators improperly configure access policies, potentially leading to security breaches.
Recommendation
It is recommended to thoroughly train administrators on the operation of the 'established' command and to review and adjust access policies to ensure an appropriate level of security.
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Original NVD description (English source)
By design, the "established" command on the Cisco PIX firewall allows connections from one host to arbitrary ports of a target host if an alternative conduit has already been allowed, which can cause administrators to configure less restrictive access controls than intended if they do not understand this functionality.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

